Querying: Sorting

Basics

Starting from RavenDB 4.0, the server will determine possible sorting capabilities automatically from the indexed value, but sorting will not be applied until you request it by using the appropriate methods. The following queries will not return ordered results:

IList<Product> results = session
    .Query<Product, Products_ByUnitsInStock>()
    .Where(x => x.UnitsInStock > 10)
    .ToList();
IList<Product> results = session
    .Advanced
    .DocumentQuery<Product, Products_ByUnitsInStock>()
    .WhereGreaterThan(x => x.UnitsInStock, 10)
    .ToList();
public class Products_ByUnitsInStock : AbstractIndexCreationTask<Product>
{
    public Products_ByUnitsInStock()
    {
        Map = products => from product in products
                          select new
                          {
                              product.UnitsInStock
                          };
    }
}
from index 'Products/ByUnitsInStock' 
where UnitsInStock > 10

To start sorting, we need to request to order by some specified index field. In our case we will order by UnitsInStock in descending order:

IList<Product> results = session
    .Query<Product, Products_ByUnitsInStock>()
    .Where(x => x.UnitsInStock > 10)
    .OrderByDescending(x => x.UnitsInStock)
    .ToList();
IList<Product> results = session
    .Advanced
    .DocumentQuery<Product, Products_ByUnitsInStock>()
    .WhereGreaterThan(x => x.UnitsInStock, 10)
    .OrderByDescending(x => x.UnitsInStock)
    .ToList();
public class Products_ByUnitsInStock : AbstractIndexCreationTask<Product>
{
    public Products_ByUnitsInStock()
    {
        Map = products => from product in products
                          select new
                          {
                              product.UnitsInStock
                          };
    }
}
from index 'Products/ByUnitsInStock' 
where UnitsInStock > 10
order by UnitsInStock as long desc

Forcing ordering type

By default, OrderBy methods will determine OrderingType from the property path expression (e.g. x => x.UnitsInStock will result in OrderingType.Long because property type is an integer), but a different ordering can be forced by passing OrderingType explicitly to one of the OrderBy methods.

IList<Product> results = session
    .Query<Product, Products_ByUnitsInStock>()
    .Where(x => x.UnitsInStock > 10)
    .OrderByDescending(x => x.UnitsInStock, OrderingType.String)
    .ToList();
IList<Product> results = session
    .Advanced
    .DocumentQuery<Product, Products_ByUnitsInStock>()
    .WhereGreaterThan(x => x.UnitsInStock, 10)
    .OrderByDescending("UnitsInStock", OrderingType.String)
    .ToList();
public class Products_ByUnitsInStock : AbstractIndexCreationTask<Product>
{
    public Products_ByUnitsInStock()
    {
        Map = products => from product in products
                          select new
                          {
                              product.UnitsInStock
                          };
    }
}
from index 'Products/ByUnitsInStock' 
where UnitsInStock > 10
order by UnitsInStock desc

Ordering by Score

When a query is issued, each index entry is scored by Lucene (you can read more about Lucene scoring here) and this value is available in metadata information of a document under @index-score (the higher the value, the better the match). To order by this value you can use the OrderByScore or the OrderByScoreDescending methods:

IList<Product> results = session
    .Query<Product, Products_ByUnitsInStock>()
    .Where(x => x.UnitsInStock > 10)
    .OrderByScore()
    .ToList();
IList<Product> results = session
    .Advanced
    .DocumentQuery<Product, Products_ByUnitsInStock>()
    .WhereGreaterThan(x => x.UnitsInStock, 10)
    .OrderByScore()
    .ToList();
public class Products_ByUnitsInStock : AbstractIndexCreationTask<Product>
{
    public Products_ByUnitsInStock()
    {
        Map = products => from product in products
                          select new
                          {
                              product.UnitsInStock
                          };
    }
}
from index 'Products/ByUnitsInStock' 
where UnitsInStock > 10
order by score()

Chaining Orderings

It is also possible to chain multiple orderings of the query results. You can sort the query results first by some specified index field (or by the @index-score), then sort all the equal entries by some different index field (or the @index-score).
This can be achived by using the ThenBy (ThenByDescending) and ThenByScore (ThenByScoreDescending) methods.

IList<Product> results = session
    .Query<Product, Products_ByUnitsInStockAndName>()
    .Where(x => x.UnitsInStock > 10)
    .OrderBy(x => x.UnitsInStock)
    .ThenByScore()
    .ThenByDescending(x => x.Name)
    .ToList();
public class Products_ByUnitsInStockAndName : AbstractIndexCreationTask<Product>
{
    public Products_ByUnitsInStockAndName()
    {
        Map = products => from product in products
            select new
            {
                product.UnitsInStock,
                product.Name
            };
    }
}
from index 'Products/ByUnitsInStockAndName' 
where UnitsInStock > 10
order by UnitsInStock, score(), Name desc

Random Ordering

If you want to randomize the order of your results each time the query is executed, use the RandomOrdering method (API reference here):

IList<Product> results = session
    .Query<Product, Products_ByUnitsInStock>()
    .Customize(x => x.RandomOrdering())
    .Where(x => x.UnitsInStock > 10)
    .ToList();
IList<Product> results = session
    .Advanced
    .DocumentQuery<Product, Products_ByUnitsInStock>()
    .RandomOrdering()
    .WhereGreaterThan(x => x.UnitsInStock, 10)
    .ToList();
public class Products_ByUnitsInStock : AbstractIndexCreationTask<Product>
{
    public Products_ByUnitsInStock()
    {
        Map = products => from product in products
                          select new
                          {
                              product.UnitsInStock
                          };
    }
}
from index 'Products/ByUnitsInStock' 
where UnitsInStock > 10
order by random()

Ordering When a Field is Searchable

When sorting must be done on field that is Searchable, due to Lucene limitations sorting on such a field is not supported. To overcome this, create another field that is not searchable and sort by it.

IList<Product> results = session
    .Query<Products_ByName_Search.Result, Products_ByName_Search>()
    .Search(x => x.Name, "Louisiana")
    .OrderByDescending(x => x.NameForSorting)
    .OfType<Product>()
    .ToList();
IList<Product> results = session
    .Advanced
    .DocumentQuery<Product, Products_ByName_Search>()
    .Search("Name", "Louisiana")
    .OrderByDescending("NameForSorting")
    .ToList();
public class Products_ByName_Search : AbstractIndexCreationTask<Product>
{
    public class Result
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public string NameForSorting { get; set; }
    }

    public Products_ByName_Search()
    {
        Map = products => from product in products
                          select new
                          {
                              Name = product.Name,
                              NameForSorting = product.Name
                          };

        Indexes.Add(x => x.Name, FieldIndexing.Search);
    }
}
from index 'Products/ByName/Search' 
where search(Name, 'Louisiana')
order by NameForSorting desc

AlphaNumeric Ordering

Sometimes when ordering strings, it doesn't make sense to use the default lexicographic ordering.

For example, "Abc9" will come after "Abc10" because if treated as single characters, 9 is greater than 1.

If you want digit characters in a string to be treated as numbers and not as text, you should use alphanumeric ordering. In that case, when comparing "Abc10" to "Abc9", the digits 1 and 0 will be treated as the number 10 which will be considered greater than 9.

To order in this mode you can pass the OrderingType.AlphaNumeric type into OrderBy or OrderByDescending:

IList<Product> results = session
    .Query<Product, Products_ByUnitsInStock>()
    .Where(x => x.UnitsInStock > 10)
    .OrderBy(x => x.Name, OrderingType.AlphaNumeric)
    .ToList();
IList<Product> results = session
    .Advanced
    .DocumentQuery<Product, Products_ByUnitsInStock>()
    .WhereGreaterThan(x => x.UnitsInStock, 10)
    .OrderBy("Name", OrderingType.AlphaNumeric)
    .ToList();
public class Products_ByUnitsInStock : AbstractIndexCreationTask<Product>
{
    public Products_ByUnitsInStock()
    {
        Map = products => from product in products
                          select new
                          {
                              product.UnitsInStock
                          };
    }
}
from index 'Products/ByUnitsInStock ' 
where UnitsInStock > 10
order by Name as alphanumeric